Communities Must Work Together to Face Natural Disasters

Hortatory Exposition Text

Writing Skill

Individual Task

Giving Recommendations about Natural Disasters

Instructions for Students

Choose one natural disaster (flood, earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, tsunami, or snowstorm). Write a hortatory exposition text to give advice or recommendations related to the disaster.

Plan your ideas first:

• What is the disaster?

• What causes it?

• What problems or effects does it create?

• What should/must people do to stay safe?

Your text should:

• Be 2–3 paragraphs (about 120–150 words)

• Explain the problem or impact of the disaster

• Give recommendations using should and must

• Use clear and simple English

Assessment Focus

• Use of should / must
• Clear ideas and organization
• Relevant vocabulary
• Grammar and spelling

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Formula of Hortatory Exposition Text

1. Thesis (Introduction)

Purpose:

• Introduce the issue or problem

• State the writer’s position or opinion

Formula:

General statement + writer’s opinion

Example:

Natural disasters often cause serious problems in many countries. Therefore, people must be well prepared to face them.

2. Arguments (Reasons)

Purpose:

• Give reasons, facts, or examples to support the opinion

Formula:

Reason 1 + explanation
Reason 2 + explanation
(use because, therefore, moreover, as a result)

Example:

Natural disasters can destroy homes and public facilities. Many people also lose their lives because they are not prepared.

 

3. Recommendation (Suggestion)

Purpose:

• Tell what should or must be done

Formula:

Recommendation using should / must / have to

Example:

Therefore, people should follow disaster warnings, and the government must improve early warning systems.

Example:

People Must Be Ready for Tsunami Disasters

Thesis: Tsunamis are extremely dangerous natural events that can happen without warning, especially in areas near the sea. Nations that lie along tectonic plate boundaries, including Indonesia, are at great risk of experiencing tsunamis. Since tsunamis can lead to severe destruction, people living in coastal regions must make proper preparations.

Arguments: In a very short time, tsunamis are able to damage homes, roads, and public buildings. Many lives can be lost because people often have little time to evacuate. Tsunamis also harm nature and interrupt economic activities such as tourism and fishing. As a result, people should pay close attention to tsunami alerts and information from authorities.

Recommendations: Because of these dangers, residents in coastal areas should understand evacuation routes and take part in disaster training. People must move to higher places immediately when a tsunami warning is announced. The government should set up effective warning systems and educate the public about tsunami safety. Through these efforts, the negative effects of tsunamis can be minimized.

What Should We Do When Natural Disaster Happen?

 Hortatory Exposition Text
Mind Mapping
Group Discussion 

Today, you will work in groups to make a mind map about a natural disaster. Each group will receive one sheet of paper and two markers. First, write the name of the disaster in the middle of the paper and draw a circle or cloud around it. From the center, draw several branches to show your ideas, such as causes, effects or problems, and solutions or recommendations. Use keywords only, not long sentences, and make sure the writing is big and clear.

While working, everyone in the group must participate and share ideas. Use the markers to make your mind map neat and easy to understand. In the recommendations part, you must use the words should or must to give advice or rules. After you finish, your group will present the mind map in front of the class and explain your ideas briefly. Please work cooperatively and manage your time well. After you finish making the mind map, share your ideas in front of the class.

For Information about Natural Disaster you can click here

 What You Will Present

• The disaster topic
• At least two causes
• At least two effects
• Five recommendations using should or must

Instructions for Students

1. Work in groups of 3–4 students.
2. Choose one natural disaster (flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, or tsunami).
3. Write the name of the disaster in the middle of the paper and draw a circle or cloud around it.
4. From the center, draw branches for these ideas:
• Causes
• Effects / Impacts
• Problems
• Solutions / Recommendations
5. Write keywords only, not long sentences.
6. In the solutions / recommendations, use should and must.
• Example: People should prepare emergency kits.
• Example: Residents must follow evacuation orders.
7. Use different colors, symbols, or small drawings to make your mind map clear and attractive.
8. Make sure every group member contributes.
9. Be ready to explain your mind map in front of the class.

We Must Be Better Prepared for Natural Disaster

Hortatory Exposition Text

Speaking Skill

Before we start, let’s think about this: natural disasters can happen anytime, and what we say and do really matters. Today we are going to practice speaking by using dialogues about natural disasters. You will talk about problems and give suggestions using should and must. This activity will help you express your opinions and recommendations clearly. Work in pairs and make a dialogue about natural disasters. The dialog consists of at least 10 sentences, so each of you speak 5 sentences from the dialog. You will use should and must to give advice in the dialog at least 2 sentences. Don't forget to underlined the sentences. After that, you will perform your dialogue in front of the class.

Before that, let's play game to enhance your vocabulary click >>>>>>here<<<<<<

Example of the Dialogs

Dialogue 1 — Flood Prevention
A: "Hey, have you noticed how often our area floods during the rainy season?"
B: "Yes, it’s getting more frequent every year."
A: "I think people should be more careful about throwing garbage into rivers."
B: "You’re right, and the community must clean the drainage more often."
A: "Maybe we should organize a cleaning day together."
B: "That’s a great idea, I’d love to join."
A: "The government should also improve the drainage system."
B: "Yes, and they must provide clear flood warnings too."
A: "Families should prepare emergency bags at home."
B: "And they should know the evacuation routes."
A: "If everyone helps, floods will be less harmful."
B: "I agree, teamwork makes a big difference."

Dialogue 2 — Earthquake Preparedness

A: "Did you hear about the small earthquake last night?"

B: "Yes, it was a little scary but thankfully nothing happened."

A: "It reminds me that we should always be prepared."

B: "True, families must prepare emergency kits just in case."

A: "We should also secure heavy furniture in our houses."

B: "That’s smart, especially for bookshelves and cabinets."

A: "Schools should practice earthquake drills more often."

B: "Yes, students must know what to do during an earthquake."

A: "The government should enforce safer building rules."

B: "And they should share safety information regularly."

A: "Preparation can really save lives."

B: "I agree, it’s better to be safe than sorry."

We Must Be Better Prepared for Natural Disaster

 Hortatory Exposition Text

Tuesday, January 13 2026

Individual Task for 11.5 (07.45-10.35)

Individual Task for 11.3 (10.35-14.10)

Directions:

There are 2 task for today activity.

1. Read the text and answer the questions on your own book.

2. Do this activity after you've done the task no. 1.

Click here for task no 2>>>>>Hortatory Exposition Task

Task I

Read the text and answer the questions!

Text 1 for no 1-3

We Must Be Better Prepared for Floods

Floods are one of the most frequent natural disasters in Indonesia and they affect thousands of people every year. Because Indonesia has a tropical climate and many rivers, floods cannot be completely avoided, but their impact can be reduced.

Floods destroy houses, damage roads, and ruin farmland. As a result, many families lose their homes and sources of income. Floods also contaminate clean water and increase the risk of disease, especially for children and elderly people.

Therefore, people should stop throwing garbage into rivers and start taking care of the environment. Communities must keep drainage systems clean and prepare emergency supplies. The government should improve flood control systems and provide clear evacuation information. By working together, we can reduce the damage caused by floods.

Question:

1. What is the main problem discussed in the text?

2. What impacts do floods have on people and the environment?

3. What recommendations are given to reduce the impact of floods?

Text 2 for no 4-6

We Must Prevent Landslides in Mountain Areas

Landslides are common natural disasters in hilly and mountainous areas, especially during the rainy season. Heavy rainfall and unstable soil make slopes collapse easily, which puts nearby communities at risk.

Landslides can bury houses, block roads, and destroy farmland. They can also cut off electricity and communication lines, making rescue efforts difficult. Many people lose their homes and some even lose their lives because of sudden landslides.

Therefore, people should avoid building houses on steep slopes and near unstable hills. Communities must plant more trees to strengthen the soil and reduce erosion. The government should monitor high-risk areas and provide early warnings. These actions can help reduce the danger of landslides.

4. Where do landslides usually happen and why?

5. What problems do landslides cause?

6. What recommendations are given to reduce the risk of landslides?

Text 3 for no 7-10

People Must Be Prepared for Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions are dangerous natural disasters that often occur in countries with many active volcanoes, such as Indonesia. Because eruptions can happen suddenly, people who live near volcanoes must always be prepared.

Volcanic eruptions produce lava, ash, and hot clouds that can destroy houses, forests, and farmland. Volcanic ash can also pollute water and cause respiratory problems, especially for children and elderly people. These impacts can seriously affect daily life and the local economy.

Therefore, people should follow evacuation orders and stay away from danger zones during volcanic activity. Communities must prepare emergency supplies such as masks, clean water, and food. The government should improve early warning systems and provide clear information to the public. With good preparation, the risks of volcanic eruptions can be reduced.

7. Why must people be prepared for volcanic eruptions?

8. What problems do volcanic eruptions cause?

9. Who are the most affected by volcanic eruptions and why?

10. What recommendations are given to reduce the risk of volcanic eruptions?

We Must Protect Our Environment

 Hortatory Exposition Text

Direction: 
1. Watch the video below, the news about Indonesia is until  minute 12.00,

2.  Write down the summary of the video,

3. Do the task Hortatory Exposition Text in your own book

Click Here for task>>>>>Hortatory Exposition Text

Semester Genap 2025/2026

 Semester Genap 2025/2026